Forum Transcripts

Insider Speak: Creating Realism 8/29

Event start time:

Tue Aug 29 12:06:10 2006

Event end time:

Tue Aug 29 13:37:32 2006



Legend:
Questions from the Audience are presented in red.
Answers by the Speaker are in black.
The Moderator's comments are in blue.

mary rosenblum

Hello all.

mary rosenblum

I hope you had a great weekend.

mary rosenblum

It's good to be home. I spent four days at the World SF Conference in Anaheim California and with over 7000 attendees, I really worked. :-)

mary rosenblum

It will be awhile before I get my voice back.

mary rosenblum

I wanted to talk about using 'insider' vocabulary today.

mary rosenblum

An important part of fiction and of personal narrative is verisimilitude.

mary rosenblum

That is, creating a reality that the reader can believe in.

mary rosenblum

Using 'insider' language is one very efficient way to do just that.

mary rosenblum

In every profession, career, or job, people who work in that particular community use words that apply only to this job or situation...

mary rosenblum

and are only used among members of this particular community.

mary rosenblum

When you incorporate those words into your fiction, it gives the reader the sense that yes, this character is an insider here, which the reader is not...

mary rosenblum

OR, if your reader is an insider, and does belong to this community, that character is behaving realistically.

mary rosenblum

This is the Tuesday Forum with me Mary Rosenblum LR Web Editor, fiction and nonfiction writer. We're talking about 'insider speak' to create verisimilitude. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the Ask a Question button or the word bubble next to the red question mark at the top of the screen, or use the ask a question icon in order to ask a question. Your regular send bar won't reach me! You can also type /ask in front of your question in your regular send bar to reach me.

mary rosenblum

A simple example..

mary rosenblum

might be a cop as a main character.

mary rosenblum

An 'outsider' might describe the person being arrested as a burglar while the cop on the street might refer to that person as the perp.

mary rosenblum

Doctors don't describe patients the same way a non-doctor does, and the bricklayer might grip about the mud and how it behaved on this super hot day.

geezer

Sniffer for a gas detector

mary rosenblum

Yep, exactly.

mary rosenblum

The military is RIFE with insider acronyms and code words.

mary rosenblum

So taking the time to learn at least some of the insider speak does two things...it makes your character and his/her universe seem more realistic to the reader...

mary rosenblum

and it keeps you from jolting real experts right out of your story. Real experts being anyone who has a connection to that field.

mary rosenblum

It is also one of the reasons a lot of novice fiction does not get bought.

mary rosenblum

Editors are impressed with a realistic milieu.

mary rosenblum

That extra bonus of a rich and well crafted verisimilitude can make the difference between a sale and a rejection.

mary rosenblum

Especially in novel form.

mary rosenblum

It's not the first thing editors look at, but if they are choosing between your book and another. someone else's, it can be the decis

mary rosenblum

This is the Tuesday Forum with me Mary Rosenblum LR Web Editor, fiction and nonfiction writer. We're talking about 'insider speak' to create verisimilitude. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the Ask a Question button or the word bubble next to the red question mark at the top of the screen, or use the ask a question icon in order to ask a question. Your regular send bar won't reach me! You can also type /ask in front of your question in your regular send bar to reach me.

mary rosenblum

Vocabulary is always important...it's a major component of characterization, after all.

mary rosenblum

The hard part, of course, is how do you learn this 'insider speak'.

dawndancer

Interesting. I wrote a sailing piece and took out all the jargon due to non-writer reader's complaints. Perhaps I should have left it in.

mary rosenblum

You probably should have dawn.

mary rosenblum

The craft challenge when using insider speak is that you have to make the meaning of that jargon clear to the readers.

mary rosenblum

But without breaking into the text to explain in your author's voice, using parenthetical explanations or ...shudder....footnotes.

dawndancer

Is it necessary to define terms? In that piece I wouldn't have had enough room - it was limited

mary rosenblum

You need to make sure your readers understand what you mean.

mary rosenblum

And you have to weigh the importance of that understanding.

mary rosenblum

Do they need to realize 'port' is right and 'starboard' is left, or is it enough for them to realize they're simply names for one or the other direction?

dawndancer

Okay, so on a short piece like that, maybe better to not use technical jargon

mary rosenblum

Or use only the jargon that you can make comprehensible in context.

mary rosenblum

You want to add the 'flavor' of reality without sacrificing the piece explanations.

tory

Like salt--enough to flavor, but not too much?

mary rosenblum

Exactly.

gwanny

when I first moved here to tobacco growing country I kept hearing the term "stripping room". You can imagine my confusion. LOL...terms like that must be explained to the reader

mary rosenblum

Well, not explained, gwanny.

mary rosenblum

Not in terms of halting the story or narrative while you break into explain what the stripping room is for.

mary rosenblum

But in a fiction story, say, you could certainly give the readers enough clues through your POV to let them guess and probably guess right.

dawndancer

I used one - "single handed" which I thought was self-evident, but got called on it by a reader, though not by my instructor

mary rosenblum

??

mary rosenblum

Used in the common manner? As in, She made a single-handed attempt to berth the big day sailer without hitting the dock?

dawndancer

Adventure piece - she was going to sail single handely, but we call it sigle handed

mary rosenblum

Fire your reader.

mary rosenblum

I'm only half kidding.

mary rosenblum

This is why you want a wide range of readers. So when you get someone wiht some very narrow responses...

mary rosenblum

you don' t think this is the average!

mary rosenblum

That's a pretty well accepted use of the term single handed or single handedly.

mary rosenblum

Remember....one reader does not an average make!

pook

MAry, I am writing a romance in a corporate computer environment but the time is 1970 when technology was different. No pcs yet. Little memory. But I get confused in my mind between what it was like then and what it is now. Is there a document I can look at to refresh me?

mary rosenblum

ah, and here is the issue...finding those insider terms.

mary rosenblum

You're going to have to go look for stuff written in the time that refers to the technology of the day.

mary rosenblum

You're right...it was very different.

mary rosenblum

See if you can find someone who worked in the field....a lot of now-senior systems and software people..

mary rosenblum

may have started back then and they'll remember the technology.

mary rosenblum

Or see if you can find books written then that refer to the tech.

geezer

Drilled me some wheat. What puny stuff came up... That drove my reader wild

mary rosenblum

Again, you all need an average of readers.

mary rosenblum

most people will figure out that drilled means planted if puny shoots came up.

mary rosenblum

It's always a balancing act.

mary rosenblum

Do you 'over tell' for the few who won't get it and bore the rest?

mary rosenblum

Or do you let the few who can't get it stay confused?

mary rosenblum

You can't cover the bases for every single reader on the planet.

mary rosenblum

So you do what works for most of 'em.

foxx

Insiderterms can vary locally

mary rosenblum

Sure. And depending on what you're talking about.

mary rosenblum

But you're usually going to find some universals that will work.

mary rosenblum

This is the Tuesday Forum with me Mary Rosenblum LR Web Editor, fiction and nonfiction writer. We're talking about 'insider speak' to create verisimilitude. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the Ask a Question button or the word bubble next to the red question mark at the top of the screen, or use the ask a question icon in order to ask a question. Your regular send bar won't reach me! You can also type /ask in front of your question in your regular send bar to reach me.

tory

Speaking of readers, one told me to NEVER use contractions in the narrative, only in dialog. as in--"She'd have remembered that..." True or One person's opinion. I'd never heard that before.

mary rosenblum

That's a convention, tory, but it is not a 'Never' or 'Always' rule.

mary rosenblum

If you're using a strong narrative voice, they're fine.

mary rosenblum

If you're doing a limited third POV with zero narrative distance, they're fine.

mary rosenblum

If you're doing an informative piece, they're not fine.

dawndancer

I remember then. I was doing audience data analysis. We did it by hand because calculators were new and there were only electric typewriters.

mary rosenblum

Yeah, you'll find a whole spectrum of technology.

mary rosenblum

And here, relative importance is something to keep in mind.

mary rosenblum

If you're a bit off on the year that say a Trash 80 came into use...

mary rosenblum

only a few people are going to know enough that the fact that you're a year off on when they appeared is going to upset them.

mary rosenblum

But if you have people uploading to the internet in 1970 you're in trouble.

beryl

Would trade magazines, reading the 'lighter,' more general articles help?

mary rosenblum

They do, although they rarely use that insider jargon that individuals might use in casual conversation. They include the more formal insider language.

mary rosenblum

Personal narratives or someone who works in that field will help you more with the casual jargon.

dawndancer

Computers were just coming in and were only in DOS, I used one of the first in 1976

senicynt

I have to laugh at the innocents who want to 'install the internet' on their computers.

mary rosenblum

And these are the mistakes you have to watch out for.

mary rosenblum

The reason?

mary rosenblum

When you write, you create a contract with the reader.

mary rosenblum

I'll create a universe you can believe in and you suspend your disbelief.

mary rosenblum

When you violate your side of the bargan and the cracks show in your universe...

mary rosenblum

your reader no longer believes in it and that contract is shattered.

mary rosenblum

It is something you need to work hard to avoid.

hidden fairy

Can you use a action to help with jargon words?

mary rosenblum

What you can do is to use action to 'show' us the meaning of the jargon, fairy.

mary rosenblum

Of course, in the SFnal universe, where I create things that have no existance in the real world...

mary rosenblum

I am always having to define them for my reader without defining them. :-)

mary rosenblum

So I have to intentionally create scenes to reveal the nature of the vocabulary I invent.

mary rosenblum

Action and dialogue are your two greatest tools here.

mary rosenblum

A naive character is a great bonus if that character fits realistically into your story.

mary rosenblum

Let that character do the 'say what?' questions that elict an explanation from the insider.

mary rosenblum

Of course you have to create a plot that requires that naive or it's obvious that he/she is only there to elicit explanations. :-)

mary rosenblum

I keep my need for a naive in mind as I first plot a story.

mary rosenblum

Action is a great way to reveal the nature of items with odd names.

mary rosenblum

To return to the sailing issue, if your MC is scrambling around the deck as a storm approaches, hauling down canvass and the like, you can give the reader a lot..

mary rosenblum

of 'definitions' of various nautical terms.

foxx

If most people use terms in common speech, "install the internet", isn't that jargon of its own?

mary rosenblum

our language is FULL of jargon.

mary rosenblum

Upload.

mary rosenblum

Download.

mary rosenblum

install, reboot, blog.

mary rosenblum

Of course, with fast changing trends such as computer lingo, fashion, and the like, that jargon dates you.

dawndancer

How?

mary rosenblum

How what, dancer?

mary rosenblum

How to show the nature of items?

dawndancer

How do you do definitions? I had two characters and one was attached to the boat by a lanyard. That's what it is. I changed it to a strap, but any sailor would know that's not the right word.

mary rosenblum

Exactly. You need to use lanyard.

mary rosenblum

Show us that character attaching the lanyard to his harness, or putting on the harness and thinking that...

mary rosenblum

he hates using it, but the way the wind's picking up, he could end up overboard and a half mile behind the boat.

dawndancer

Is it okay if they find out what it is by its use in later sentences?

mary rosenblum

It's a good idea to make it's nature at least a bit clear.

mary rosenblum

You can add details later on.

mary rosenblum

When readers start wondering about something, they start missing things.

dawndancer

Well, he was overboard, but she attached her lanyard to the jackline (didn't use that word either) to go get him

mary rosenblum

No problem. He goes overboard. She can't reach him. So she grabs the jackline, releases her lanyard and snaps it to the jackline. Now she can reach him.

mary rosenblum

The very few readers who won't figure out what's going on here are not your concern.

mary rosenblum

This is the Tuesday Forum with me Mary Rosenblum LR Web Editor, fiction and nonfiction writer. We're talking about 'insider speak' to create verisimilitude. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the Ask a Question button or the word bubble next to the red question mark at the top of the screen, or use the ask a question icon in order to ask a question. Your regular send bar won't reach me! You can also type /ask in front of your question in your regular send bar to reach me.

janecj333

When a fifty-year-old character uses the phrase "that's just the bomb", at least your readers know why the other characters just turn and walk away in disgust.

mary rosenblum

Well, if they don't, you can make sure it's clear in context. :-)

dawndancer

Thanks. I would rather write correctly. Sailors know the difference and I would be embaressed to not use correct words.

mary rosenblum

And you need to!

mary rosenblum

Otherwise it sounds as if you don't know what you're doing and those who DO know will stop believing in the reality of your scene.

mary rosenblum

It does take work to make jargon accessible to readers.

mary rosenblum

Who said writing wasn't work?

mary rosenblum

And it takes work to learn the jargon you need, too.

mary rosenblum

In a short story, you can get away with very little.

mary rosenblum

A few key words will make the scene feel real to readers.

andi

if the ones who don't know the meaning they can look it up.

mary rosenblum

Well...only if a very few don't know the meaning.

mary rosenblum

You really do not want to send the majority of your readers to the dictionary. They simply don't go.

mary rosenblum

So they'll be confused and you'll lose 'em.

mary rosenblum

But for the few who don't get it...oh well.

mary rosenblum

Just make sure most can.

andi

that's what i meant

mary rosenblum

That's fine. :-)

mary rosenblum

If you're going to write a novel, then I really do suggest that you need an informant for your jargon.

mary rosenblum

You're going to need a lot more insider stuff for something that large, and it's hard to get enough from secondary sources...although you can.

mary rosenblum

It depends on how accessible resource material is.

mary rosenblum

Say you want to set your novel in a military universe, a previous war, peacetime military, today's war.

mary rosenblum

Ideally, you need someone who was in that branch of the forces in that time.

mary rosenblum

BUT...a lot of people write memoirs and personal narratives about serving...

mary rosenblum

and they use jargon quite often. So you can get a lot of stuff from resource material.

mary rosenblum

But you're still better off to have someone wiht military experience check your draft for major blunders.

mary rosenblum

The military does things the way the military does them and if you're outside the loop it's easy to get it wrong. And in this case...

mary rosenblum

a LOT of readers will realize that you've made a mistake. :-)

mary rosenblum

But if you want to set your piece in McMurdo in winter (Antarctica)...

mary rosenblum

you can find a lot of resource material, personal narratives and the like, about what it's like to be down there.

mary rosenblum

And you'll get some jargon, and not enough readers have been to McMurdo to call you on lapses if they're not big ones.

dawndancer

Has anyone ever heard of the various services having a PR office that will help with that?

mary rosenblum

Dawn, an awful lot of folk have served in the military. If you ask around, you'll surely find someone who will help you out...a friend of a friend.

senicynt

Mary, is there a slang or vernacular dictionary which tells

mary rosenblum

There are. I have several.

mary rosenblum

You have to be careful with them, though.

mary rosenblum

Vernacular and slang change all the time.

mary rosenblum

And dictionary definitions aren't always clear and accurate.

mary rosenblum

They're not the best choice, in my opinion.

senicynt

us when a word or phrase was current?

mary rosenblum

Ah, and here's the other half of your question. Sorry! Connection is slow I guess.

mary rosenblum

I haven't found any that are really good, but you will find some out there.

writelegends

like in historical fiction having an expert in that era read

mary rosenblum

For historical fiction where your details matter, yes, I'd really work at finding someone who is an expert in that era to read your draft.

mary rosenblum

You should be able to find someone. Try universities.

mary rosenblum

This is the Tuesday Forum with me Mary Rosenblum LR Web Editor, fiction and nonfiction writer. We're talking about 'insider speak' to create verisimilitude. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the Ask a Question button or the word bubble next to the red question mark at the top of the screen, or use the ask a question icon in order to ask a question. Your regular send bar won't reach me! You can also type /ask in front of your question in your regular send bar to reach me.

janecj333

Speaking of military, because I hate the heirarchical structure and 'yes, sir'/ 'no, sir' quality of our militaries, in my sf I create militaries that are nothing like those we have. I wonder how well readers who are in the U.S. military might accept that.

mary rosenblum

Well, jane, as with anything made up, you need to make it realistic.

mary rosenblum

If you can create a system that believably functions in a form that is not 'traditional military' then readers will believe in it.

mary rosenblum

If you simply tell the reader 'this is the way it is' and the readers don't see why it works that way, they probably won't believe in it.

mary rosenblum

It's back to the 'show, don't tell' thing and this is a subtle variation on it.

mary rosenblum

If you tell the reader that your society, military, culture what have you...

mary rosenblum

works, but there is no reason to see why it works when it seems counterintuitive...

mary rosenblum

readers won't believe in it.

mary rosenblum

They are highly reluctant to take your word for it. :-) You have to show them.

mary rosenblum

Same thing with jargon.

mary rosenblum

If your lawyer or doctor or lion tamer doesn't seem to know any more about her/his profession than the average reader...

mary rosenblum

readers don't really believe that person is doctor, lawyer, lion tamer.

senicynt

I would think that a non-yes/no/sir military is a neighborhood militia or an old style warrior society where individual merrit surpercedes following orders.

mary rosenblum

Well, you can come up with a number of ways for that to work, but that's it...you DO need to know why it works and show that reason to the reader.

mary rosenblum

That's all about creating your universe.

mary rosenblum

Most novice writers just create the surface....but unless that surface is so like our today that we feel we know why it works...

mary rosenblum

you need to create that universe clear down to bedrock in order to make the reader believe in it.

mary rosenblum

This is the Tuesday Forum with me Mary Rosenblum LR Web Editor, fiction and nonfiction writer. We're talking about 'insider speak' to create verisimilitude. If you're new here, remember that you need to click on the Ask a Question button or the word bubble next to the red question mark at the top of the screen, or use the ask a question icon in order to ask a question. Your regular send bar won't reach me! You can also type /ask in front of your question in your regular send bar to reach me.

mary rosenblum

If you want to set your novel in an interesting and unusual universe, it really is worth your time and effort to connect with someone..

mary rosenblum

who is an insider.

mary rosenblum

Conversely....if you meet someone who is an insider in an interesting and unusual universe...

mary rosenblum

say a salvage diver...by all means see if you can set an interesting story in that universe. why not?

mary rosenblum

You've just been handed a lovely, free resource. Use it!

mary rosenblum

I am always collecting contact information from anyone whose life/career interests me at all.

mary rosenblum

"Can I talk to you about your job? I'd love to use it in a story!"

mary rosenblum

Nobody had ever said 'no, go away, don't bother me'. :-)

mary rosenblum

Doesn't mean it won't happen, but most people do enjoy sharing details.

dawndancer

Do you have stock interview questions?

mary rosenblum

Usually I wait until I've plotted the story, dawn.

mary rosenblum

So I know what questions I need to ask.

mary rosenblum

And I often ask that person if they'd like to read a draft. I ask them to point out all the places I've '

mary rosenblum

'slipped' in my reality.

mary rosenblum

It pays off.

senicynt

I saw your short in the "YEAR'S BEST SCIENCE FICTION, 23RD ANNUAL EDITION" You did a good job with the story. :0 It's the forst works of yours I've found.

mary rosenblum

Oh, thanks, sen. Which story was that?

mary rosenblum

I can't remember which one the 23rd edition had.

dawndancer

So an overview as a resource then back at them for particulars when writing?

mary rosenblum

That's the best route, dawn.

mary rosenblum

Ah, sen, I saw that.

mary rosenblum

Search Engine...the most recent years best, then. :-)

mary rosenblum

Yeah, there's actually a lot of research into the industry in that one.

mary rosenblum

Was kind of scary research. That's barely future fiction.

mary rosenblum

But that's also made up jargon, for the most part. :-)

dawndancer

Do you do most of your general research on the internet?

mary rosenblum

I do, but you have to remember...nothing is guaranteed to be truth on the internet.

mary rosenblum

I use the internet to find people who are experts and then I contact them.

mary rosenblum

You can go through university departments, too.

mary rosenblum

Often some department secretary will connect you with a professor.

dawndancer

Taught that to my statistic students: Just because it's in print doesn't make it true. But it is a starting place.

pook

Where's there a guarantee for truth? Everything changes. Look at poor Pluto. The internet's a wonderful resource.

mary rosenblum

ah, yes, poor demoted Pluto.

mary rosenblum

I just have to remind people about that 'internet truth' thing. Too many people DO believe everything they read, sigh.

mary rosenblum

But it's worth a search for an insider source.

mary rosenblum

Remember that if you are competing with someone who has equal plotting and characterization skills...

mary rosenblum

and your story has a rich and well created setting while the other is 'generic', guess who will get the sale.

writelegends

I'm scared of those who believe everything they read!

mary rosenblum

Good reason to BE scared, write.

dawndancer

College professors are better. We love to teach. Too many people are self-proclaimed experts

mary rosenblum

Yes, I've had some GREAT help from various professors. Every one I've encountered has been thrilled...

mary rosenblum

to share her/his hard-earned expertise.

mary rosenblum

And...

mary rosenblum

often...as you research your milieu, you'll find things that will enrich your plot and add to your story.

mary rosenblum

The strongest stories are the ones where plot, characters, and setting are equally important...

mary rosenblum

and that triumvirate is rare.

beryl

In an Arab-American novel, a character had a true Arab name, annoyingly unknown to me. I kept tripping over it. At precisely the right moment, I learned the name was changed to fit a situation and the meaning of the name was revealed and my heart grapped the name. Sorry if off-topic, but from the beginning the name made the Arab portion real...even if I was a little irritated.

mary rosenblum

That's an excellent example, beryl.

mary rosenblum

A single detail can add a new level of intensity to the reader.

mary rosenblum

You don't need a lot of specific insider details to make something come alive.

mary rosenblum

But do beware of stereotypes.

mary rosenblum

Perry Mason is not a good place to pick up legal verisimilitude.

janecj333

When college physics professors give seminars about how only a god could have created the universe, I know that it's time to walk. :(

mary rosenblum

Well, you should never ever assume any single source is truth. :-)

mary rosenblum

Whether you agree with it or not.

mary rosenblum

The best source for insider jargon is someone who is inside. :-)

mary rosenblum

I tend to run medical stuff past a doctor, military stuff past my military informant, cop stuff past my retired cop informant, physics stuff past my physics professor friends...

mary rosenblum

That sort of thing.

mary rosenblum

When you run into someone with an interesting job or career, make contact.

mary rosenblum

See if you can use that for a story, at least.

mary rosenblum

Keep a file of experts.

tory

About names. If you don't need a specific name to mean something, is it better to alter slightly so odd names read more easily ? For example, change Gjergji to Gerji?

mary rosenblum

Yes, unusual names are good, I get SO tired of novice stories will Bill, Anne, Pete, Jim, and Susan.

mary rosenblum

But yes, if possible, make your name easily pronouncable.

mary rosenblum

Readers DO grip if they can't pronounce a name.

mary rosenblum

And if your name simply is going to be hard to pronounce, see if you can't force your character to tell another character just...

mary rosenblum

how to pronounce that name. And don't wait until the fourth book to do so. :-)

mary rosenblum

Anne McCaffery got a lot of grief for Menolly, the mc in several of her best selling Pern books.

tory

Yeah, like Romeijn--"Like the lettuce."

mary rosenblum

There you go!

mary rosenblum

And that's worth it. That name spelling gives it a strong ethnic flavor, like Daffyd for a Welsh milieu.

mary rosenblum

but you let the reader know early on how to pronounce it. Then you're fine.

beryl

Interestingly, the name could be sounded it out, I just wasn't used to it but when I learned what it meant, it just smoothed out for me. I now love it.

mary rosenblum

and it was the extra 'insider' bit about the meaning of the name that added to it, beryl. :-)

mary rosenblum

That's exactly what you want.

mary rosenblum

I just changed the name of a main character in the novel I've just started, because the new name...

mary rosenblum

carries cultural nuances that most readers will pick up on subconsciously (or I hope so)...

mary rosenblum

that will reinforce the theme of the story later on.

janecj333

Menolly?

mary rosenblum

Yes...readers never did know how to pronounce it. She got TONS of letters about it.

mary rosenblum

She pronounces it MEN olly.

mary rosenblum

Rather than Men OL ly

dawndancer

I would have gone with canolli type of pronounciation

mary rosenblum

Me, too. SHe informed me I was mistaken. :-)

geezer

would it be appropriate to have a glossary fot made-up terms in a novel?

mary rosenblum

No.

mary rosenblum

I'll say that flatly.

mary rosenblum

Yes, some big fat fantasies do that, and have keys for various characters too.

mary rosenblum

If you are sending your reader to the glossary every few pages...

mary rosenblum

they are not fully engaged in your story.

mary rosenblum

Just make the meaning crystal clear in context once, and then you're fine. They have it.

dawndancer

What about the Klingon dictionary?

mary rosenblum

That's a cult thing, dawn.

mary rosenblum

Because of the Trek cult status, you can do that.

mary rosenblum

Just as you can have huge appendices to the Tolkien works.

mary rosenblum

Not for most novels!

janecj333

I hate to open a book and find a long list of terms with maps and such. Blechhh.

mary rosenblum

Most readers do.

mary rosenblum

And few readers use those appendices, so they misinterpretin the story.

mary rosenblum

It's more work to reveal meaning through context but do it.

mary rosenblum

Writing IS work.

mary rosenblum

Well, this has been a fun Oregon hour. I'm glad to be home.

mary rosenblum